2Background and purpose: Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus, due to their special biological and ecological characteristics, have high adaptability and establishment power in different weather conditions, including Iran, and for this reason, they are called invasive mosquitoes. These mosquitoes, which are known as a serious problem for human health, are very important in terms of transmission of very important arboviral diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika virus, and yellow fever. Considering the importance of these diseases on the health system and human health, as well as numerous reports of the spread of arboviral diseases through Aedes mosquitoes in different countries, various programs have been proposed to control Aedes mosquitoes. As a result, introducing suitable methods to control Aedes mosquitoes can play a significant role in reducing the transmission of these diseases and maintaining human health. Therefore, in this review, we evaluate the use of each of the Aedes mosquito control methods. Materials and methods: This article is a narrative review of the introduction and effectiveness of different methods of controlling Aedes mosquitoes. Collecting information about control methods of A. aegypti and A. albopictus has been compiled without time and language restrictions from international scientific databases including Pub Med, Web of Science, Google Scholar, (ScienceDirect, Scopus, Elsevier, Lilacs) and Internal databases including, Scientific Information Database(SID), Iranian Medical Library(MedLib), Magiran, Civilica. The information collected based on the performance of each of the mentioned methods was extracted, categorized, analyzed, and used in compiling this article. Finally, out of a total of 10202 extracted articles, 123 articles were used in this research considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In general, the goals related to the use of different methods of controlling Aedes mosquitoes are different depending on the country, epidemiological conditions, resources, and local priorities. But overall, disease prevention, reduction of mosquito population, stopping of disease transmission, prevention of mosquito establishment, disease spread, reduction of nuisances and finally identification of new invasive species are prioritized. The most appropriate methods of controlling Aedes are divided into five categories: 1. Environmental methods that include reducing the habitats and growth resources of mosquitoes 2. Chemical methods that are based on the use of various insecticides chemicals and insect growth regulators 3. Mechanical methods that include the use of various traps 4. Biological methods that include the use of natural enemies 5. Genetic methods include genetic engineering and mosquito sterilization techniques. It should be noted that each of these methods can play a significant role in the establishment of Aedes mosquitoes and the spread of arboviral diseases, and as a result, reducing the number of cases of infection and death in the health system. Conclusion: Considering the introduction of different control methods for A. aegypti and A. albopictus and the priority of each of the control methods presented; it is important to mention that the method of controlling Aedes depends a lot on the environmental conditions of the region, the stage of mosquito establishment,  the population phase of mosquitoes and diseases caused by it. Therefore implementation of Aedes mosquito control programs through integrated vector management strategy is recommended, which requires the effective collaboration and coordination of national and local authorities and the general public for cost-effective control and lasting effects.

Since the beginning, mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever, encephalitis, yellow fever, malaria, and filariasis have been caused by numerous medically significant pathogens and parasites, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoans. This indicates the necessity for the ongoing creation of new and effective mosquito-borne disease control strategies in Saudi Arabia and internationally. This investigation has tried to assess the potential larvicidal capacity of local bacteria isolated from the soil of the Rahat region of Makkah, Saudi Arabia for the bio-control of Aedes aegypti larvae, a main cause of dengue. The bacteria were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. Bioassays were used to determine the pathogenicity of various strains against A. aegypti larvae. A total of 66 different bacteria were isolated. Overall, four (6.06%) of the 66 bacteria caused mortality in the A. aegypti larvae, and only two (Brevibacillus centrosporus, and Cytobacillus firmus) caused 100% mortality in 24 h. After 48 h, two isolates (Escherichia fergusonii1 and E. fergusonii 2) caused mortality of over 70%. The outcomes of this investigation exhibited that local isolates of bacteria in the soils of the Rahat region of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, have larvicidal ability. These bacteria have shown larvicidal effects on the larvae of A. aegypti. In conclusion, further studies are required to evaluate other mechanisms that contribute to the production of larvicidal toxins in these bacteria.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) depends on controlling Aedes aegyptimosquitoes and larvae. Currently, larvicide control still uses temefos larvicide, though several studies have reported resistance. Insecticides from plants can be used as an alternative. One of the plants reported to have larvicide potency was Melaleuca leucadendraleaves. This study aimed to look at ethanol extract of M. leucadendra leaves activity in killing Aedes aegyptilarvae and LC50 values after a 24-hour examination. This type of research was Experimental Design with Post-test Only Control Group Design. M. Leucadendra leaves was extracted through maceration process using ethanol 96%. The treatments consisted of 8 concentrations of 400mg/L (0. 04%),1000mg/L (0. 1% ),1600mg/L (0. 16%),2000mg/L (0. 2%),10, 000mg/L (1%),20, 000mg/L (2%),30, 000mg/L (3%),40, 000mg/L (4%) and the control group (0%). Each concentration was replicated four times and used twentyof the third larvae A. aegypti. The results showed that M. leucadendra has a lethal ability against A. aegypti. There was a correlation between the extract concentration and the larva mortality (p=0. 000,95%). Extract concentration 0. 04-0. 2% of the extract caused mortality less than 3%, and the highest mortality (47. 5%) reached by concentration 4%. The LOGIT test showed that the number of LC50 was 3. 7% (37, 600mg/L) with 95% significance. A high concentration (>1%) of extract M. leucadendra caused turbid, greenish-gray color, and unpleasant smell on the water. Regarding the WHO bioassay guideline, etahnol extract of M. leucadendra leaves was less effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae, though it causes lethal effect A. aegypti.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) depends on controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and larvae. Currently, larvicide control still uses temefos larvicide, though several studies have reported resistance. Insecticides from plants can be used as an alternative. One of the plants reported to have larvicide potency was Melaleuca leucadendra leaves. This study aimed to look at ethanol extract of M.leucadendra leaves activity in killing A. aegypti larvae and LC50 values ​​after a 24-h examination. This type of research was experimental design with post-test only control group design. M. leucadendra leaves was extracted through maceration process using 96% ethanol. The treatments consisted of 8 concentrations (mg L-1)  of 400 (0.04%); 1000 (0.1%); 1600 (0.16%); 2000 (0.2%); 10,000 (1%);  20,000 (2%); 30,000 (3%); 40,000 (4%) and the control group (0%). Each concentration was replicated four times and applied on twenty specimens of A. aegyptiat the third larval stage. The results showed that M.leucadendra has a lethal ability against A.aegypti. There was a correlation between the extract concentration and the larval mortality (p = 0.000; 95%). The extract concentrations of 0.04-0.2% caused <3% mortality, while the highest mortality (47.5%) achieved at the conc. of 4%. The LOGIT test showed that the number of LC50 was 3.7% (37,600 mg L-1) with 95% significance. A high concentration (>1%) of extract M. leucadendra caused turbid, greenish-gray color, and unpleasant smell on the water. Regarding the WHO bioassay guideline, etahnol extract of M. leucadendra leaves was less effective on killing A. aegypti larvae, though it causes lethal effect on it.

ABSTRACT: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) depends on controlling Aedes aegyptimosquitoes and larvae. Currently, larvicide control still uses temefos larvicide, though several studies have reported resistance. Insecticides from plants can be used as an alternative. One of the plants reported to have larvicide potency was Melaleuca leucadendraleaves. This study aimed to look at ethanol extract of M. leucadendra leaves activity in killing Aedes aegyptilarvae and LC50 values after a 24-hour examination. This type of research was Experimental Design with Post-test Only Control Group Design. M. Leucadendra leaves was extracted through maceration process using ethanol 96%. The treatments consisted of 8 concentrations of 400mg/L (0. 04%),1000mg/L (0. 1% ),1600mg/L (0. 16%),2000mg/L (0. 2%),10, 000mg/L (1%),20, 000mg/L (2%),30, 000mg/L (3%),40, 000mg/L (4%) and the control group (0%). Each concentration was replicated four times and used twentyof the third larvae A. aegypti. The results showed that M. leucadendra has a lethal ability against A. aegypti. There was a correlation between the extract concentration and the larva mortality (p=0. 000,95%). Extract concentration 0. 04-0. 2% of the extract caused mortality less than 3%, and the highest mortality (47. 5%) reached by concentration 4%. The LOGIT test showed that the number of LC50 was 3. 7% (37, 600mg/L) with 95% significance. A high concentration (>1%) of extract M. leucadendra caused turbid, greenish-gray color, and unpleasant smell on the water. Regarding the WHO bioassay guideline, etahnol extract of M. leucadendra leaves was less effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae, though it causes lethal effect A. aegypti.

Background: Bifenthrin and Acorus calamus Linn extract were evaluated against dengue vectors in the laboratory. Methods: Both Bifenthrin and Acorus calamus Linn crude hexane extract were bioassayed against the adults and larval stages of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus(Skuse) in the laboratory. Results: The A. calamus crude hexane extract exhibited a larvicidal activity against 4th-instar Ae. aegypti larvae with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.4418 and 11.3935 ppm respectively. The plant crude extract exhibited against Ae. albopictus larvae with a higher LC50 and LC90 values of 21.2555 ppm and 36.1061 ppm, respectively. There was a significant difference on the effect of A. calamus extract on both Aedes spp. Larvae (P< 0.05). However, bifenthrin showed a significant difference on larvicidal effect to that of A. calamus hexane extract on both Aedes spp (P< 0.05). In testing the adulticidal activity, this plant extract exhibited the LC50 and LC90 values of 17.4075 and 252.9458 ppm against Ae .aegypti and a higher LC50 and LC90 values of 43.9952 and 446.1365 ppm respectively on Ae. albopictus. There was no significant difference on the effect of A. calamus extract on both Aedes spp adults (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Bifenthrin however showed a significant difference on both Aedes spp adults (P< 0.05). With the wide availability of A. calamus in Malaysia, it could be utilized for controlling dengue vectors.